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Pegawai KPK

Author: Nurmalita Ayuningtyas Harahap, S.H., M.H.

Lecturer in Faculty of Law, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Departement of Public Administration Law

 

REVISI Undang-Undang Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi (KPK) telah disahkan DPR, Selasa (17/9) lalu. Sebelumnya, rancangan perubahan Undang-undang No 30 Tahun 2002 tersebut tidak sedikit menuai respons dari masyarakat, baik dalam bentuk kritik maupun dukungan Revisi dilakukan terhadap beberapa pasal-pasal di undang-undang tersebut, antara lain adalah menyangkut perubahan status Pegawai KPK Dimana Pegawai Tetap KPK dialihkan menjadi Pegawai Aparatur Sipil Negara (ASN).

Jika merujuk pada Undang-undang No 5 Tahun 2014 tentang Aparatur Sipil Negara, maka ASN terdiri dari Pegawai Negeri Sipil (PNS) dan Pegawai Pemerintah dengan Perjanjian Kerja (PPPK). Pada draft rancangan perubahan Undang-undang No 30 Tahun 2002 tersebut nantinya diatur bahwa Pegawal Negeri yang dipekerjakan di KPK akan berstatus PNS. Sedangkan Pegawai tetap KPK yang bukan merupakan PNS akan dikategorikan sebagai PPPK

Jika telah beralih status, bagaimana independensi dari Pegawai KPK itu sendiri?

Ditinjau dari hukum kepegawalan, maka ASN merupakan Pegawai Negeri Pegawai Negeri mempunyai ciri khusus, yaitu Hubungan Dinas Publik (DHP) yaitu sifat monoloyalitas kepada Pemerintah. Dalam hubungan ini kemudian melekat hubungan subordinatie antara atasan bawahan (Ridwan dan Nurmalita: Hukum Kepegawaian: 2018) Jika ditilik dari ciri tersebut, otomatis Pegawai KPK yang menjàdi ASN tersebut akan tunduk dan patuh kepada pemerintah atau eksekutif atau yang dapat dikatakan mempunyai hubungan monoloyalitas dengan pemerintah.

Sedangkan di dalam UU No 5/2014 diatur apa yang dinamakan Manajemen ASN. Dalam pasal 52. dinyatakan bahwa Manajemen ASN terdiri dari Manajemen PNS dan Manajemen PPPK. Pada Pasal 55, manajemen PNS antara lain meliputi, pengadaan, mutasi, disiplin, pemberhentian. Begitu juga pada pasal 93, manajemen PPPK antara lain meliputi pengadaan, penilaian kinerja, disiplin dan pemutusan hubungan kerja. Jika nantinya Pegawai KPK berubah status menjadi ASN, maka manajemen sumber daya manusia, yang terdiri dari pengadaan hingga pemberhentian atau pemutusan hubungan kerja menjadi kewenangan dari pemerintah atau eksekutif. Tidak lagi bersifat independen dari lembaga KPK itu sendiri.

Persoalan kemudian, pertama jika berbicara tentang pengadaan, maka selama ini sebenarnya terdapat Peraturan Pemerintah No 63 Tahun 2005 tentang Sistem Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi. Di pasal 7 ayat (2) Peraturan Pemerintah menyatakan bahwa, Pegawai Negeri yang telah diangkat menjadi Pegawai Tetap pada Komisi diberhentikan dengan hormat sebagai Pegawai Negeri. Hal ini juga dapat dikatakan agar independensi pegawai KPK tersebut tetap terjaga. Namun dengan peralihan status sebagai Pegawai Negeri, yang kemudian proses penentuan formasi dan rekrutmen akan diambil alih sepenuhnya pemerintah atau eksekutif bukan lagi kewenangan KPK secara penuh.

Kemudian yang kedua, terkait dengan mutasi. Penentuan perpindahan pegawai ini baik tempat maupun jabatannya akan menjadi kewenangan pemerintah atau eksekutif. Hal ini justru akan rentan dengan berbagai macam yang mempengaruhi mutasi tersebut. Ketiga, terkait dengan disiplin dan pemberhentian atau pemutusan hubungan kerja. Pegawai KPK akan tunduk kepada aturan disiplin ASN disamping nantinya masih terdapat aturan tentang disiplin KPK yaitu, Peraturan Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi No. 10 Tahun 2016 tentang disiplin pegawai dan penasihat KPK, yang nantinya mesti diharmonisasikan dengan aturan disiplin ASN yang saat ini berlaku.

Dengan begitu pengenaan hukuman disiplin jika Pegawai KPK melanggar disiplin dan pemberhentian menjadi kewenangan dari eksekutif atau pemerintah Hal ini pun juga menimbulkan pertanyaan terkait dengan independensi dan bebas dari berbagai macam kepentingan. Meskipun nantinya telah menjadi ASN, besar harapan masyarakat untuk pegawai KPK dapat menjunjung nilai-nilai independensi dan tidak adanya intervensi dari pemerintah jika hal tersebut kemudian dapat memberikan hambatan bagi penegakkan hukum nantinya.

Kini diharapkan pula, tugas tim transisi KPK untuk menganalisis poin-poin yang telah disahkan Termasuk perubahan status KPK yang nantinya pun perlu di harmonisasi dan disinkronisasi dengan Peraturan yang menyangkut ASN. Tentu agar independensi tetap ada.

This article have been pubslihed in rubric  Anaslisis KR of  Kedaulatan Rakyat, 21 September 2019.

Dodik Setiawan Nur Heriyanto S.H., M.H., LL.M., Ph.D.

General Lecture on Cyber Law by Assoc. Prof. Sonny Zulhuda

The Faculty of Law of the Islamic University of Indonesia (FH UII) held a general lecture entitled Cyberspace and the Legal Challenges: A Quest for Reform, on Monday (09/23/2019). The event was filled by Assoc. Prof. Dr. Sonny Zulhuda, an expert on cyber space and cyber law from Ahmad Ibrahim Kulliyyah of Laws International Islamic University Malaysia (AIKOLS IIUM). Sonny Zulhada conveyed his main ideas on the importance of reform in our paradigm towards cyber law and the existence of an education syllabus on cyber law.

This general lecture is a collaboration between Faculty of Law UII and AIKOLS IIUM. According to the Head of the Committee, Dodik Setiawan Nur Heriyanto S.H., M.H., L.LM., Ph.D., this event was a form Faculty of Law’s commitment to carry out regional and international cooperation according to the Asean University Networks Quality Assurance (AUN-QA) accreditation standards. The event was opened by the Head of Undergraduate Program of the Faculty of Law UII Study Program, Dr. Budi Agus Riswandi, S.H., M.Hum., Attended by dozens of participants.

Sonny Zulhada began his lecture by introducing the concept of cyber space to participants. According to him, technological development is impossible to block. Thus, the existence of cyber law is important to encourage development. At the end of 1990, cyber law had been drafted and even became law in European countries.

“The emergence of digital assets causes the basis for cyber law, causing the restructuring of the concept of digital assets,” said Sonny. According to him, although the law is always left behind, but it should not deny the reality of technological development. “This is important so that the law is not too far behind.”

Sonny showed a surprising thing in the middle of his lecture. He showed several pages that can be accessed to see the flow of cyber-attacks throughout the world in real time. One such page is Fireeye.com.According to him, the problem is not when and where a cyber-attack, but who is the culprit and how big is the impact. “That is the legal problem,” he said.

According to Sonny Zulhada, what is often forgotten is that at present, there is a development in the concept of assets that the community is not aware of. This development is the emergence of digital assets. This digital asset is one of them concerning a person’s personal data information. “The emergence of digital assets causes the basis for cyber law, causing the restructuring of the concept of digital assets,” he said.

The development of the industrial revolution 4.0 issue also became a driving force so that the concept of cyber law would soon be developed. According to him, do not rule out the possibility, in the future, artificial intelligence (AI) will replace human functions. This development has become an important legal issue to be examined immediately. Because, there have been several legal cases, such as unmanned cars developed by Ubercrashing into someone in the United States. “Can AI or the system be prosecuted in court?”, Asked Sonny Zulhada to participants.

According to Sonny, competition is the main cause of the development of cyber space and the reason for the importance of developing cyber law. In its development, technological progress must continue to bring positive values ​​to society. “Innovators must not be free of values,” he stressed.

Dodik Setiawan Nur Heriyanto S.H., M.H., LL.M., Ph.D.

UII Declares the Rejection to the Revision of Law of KPK

Scholars at the Faculty of Law of the Islamic University of Indonesia (FH UII) held a press conference at the Postgraduate Campus of FH UII on Thursday (12/09/2019). On this occasion, the UII academicians expressed their support for the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK), which is currently being exposed to ‘about to be weakened’ news, through the revision of the KPK Law. UII firmly declines the revision of the KPK Law which weakens the duties, functions, authorities, and independence of that anti-corruption institution.

At the press conference, Vice Rector 3, Dr. Drs. Rohidin, S.H., M.Ag., read the statement of UII’s tenets towards the planned change in the KPK Law by the House of Representatives of the Republic of Indonesia (DPR RI). The tenets of UII are as follows:

  1. Decline all forms of weakening efforts towards the KPK institutions including rejecting the revised Bill on the KPK Law initiative of the DPR.
  2. Urge the DPR to cancel the plan to revise the KPK Law
  3. Demand the President to keep his promise to strengthen the KPK in order to create an Indonesia that is free of corruption, collusion and nepotism
  4. If the revision plan remains in force then we (UII) expressly motion of no confidence (mosi tidak percaya) to all party that involved in ratification of the bill.

The Dean of FH UII, Dr. Abdul Jamil, S.H., M.H., stated that UII was ready to declare a motion of no confidence in any party who supported changes to the KPK Law. UII’s tenet is rejects the revision of the KPK Law. We prepare a motion of no confidence in anyone who supports the weakening of the KPK, including the President “, he said.

Abdul Jamil made the statement right after the reading of the statement of tenets in front of the journalists. “What does it mean? If we roll this motion of no confidence later, we will spread it to others, that we no longer trust parties who have supported the revision of this law, “he stressed.

Beside the motion of no confidence, UII will also submit a judicial review to the Constitutional Court (MK) when lawmakers and executives ratify the draft of KPK Law changes. “If, for example, how come it is still enacted, it means it becomes a law. If it becomes a law, our efforts will carry out a judicial review, that is our effort,” he said.

The plan is that the statement of UII’s tenets will be submitted directly to the Chairperson of the KPK, but failed because the Chairperson of the KPK was unable to attend. Furthermore, UII will send a statement of attitude to the President and the DPR. “Still, we will convey this letter to the President, so that the President will continue to refuse despite through a discussions.”

After the press conference, Abdul Jamil and other UII leaders joined the crowd of UII students to take demonstration at the Special Region of Yogyakarta’s Representative Council (DPRD DIY) and Malioboro Street. While giving speeches at the pickup truck, Abdul Jamil led the group to the Abu Bakar Ali Parking Park, which had been waiting for the combined mass of students from various universities in DIY.

Abdul Jamil hoped that the community would also control the agenda of the revision of KPK Law. “We hope the public will support this action as well, and we will be ready for judicial review once the bill is approved,” he said.

Dodik Setiawan Nur Heriyanto S.H., M.H., LL.M., Ph.D.

International Investment Law and Transfer of Technology Presents Experts from Switzerland and Hungary

Faculty of Law Universitas Islam Indonesia (UII) held an International Seminar entitled International Investment Law and Transfer of Technology, on Thursday (5/9/2019). The event was organized by Faculty of Law UII in collaboration with Swisscontact, the Indonesian Intellectual Property Center Association (ASKII), and Telkom University (UT).

The seminar was divided into two sessions that presented six legal experts from various perspectives to study the phenomenon of technology transfer and intellectual property. In the first session presenting Dr. Kamran Housang Pour, Nandang Sutrisno, SH, MH, LLM, PhD, Dr. Siti Anisah, S.H., M.Hum., and Professor Dr. Sefriani, S.H., M.Hum., As the speakers. While the second session was filled by Professor Fèzer Tamás, Professor Dr. Ni’matul Huda, S.H., M.Hum., Dr. Budi Agus Riswandi, S.H., M.H., and Christoper Cason, JD. The entire material is delivered in English.

During the first session, Dr. Kamran Housang Pour from the Swiss Federal Institute of Intellectual Property, delivered his expertise on the International Patent Protection System and Transfer of Technology in Foreign Direct Investment. According to him, in this current era, full attention is needed from all aspects of law, on not only technological developments, but also the ‘ideas’ of technologies. According to him, humans have a tendency to ‘share ideas’ in developing technology. These events led to Technology Transfer. According to Kamran, the government has an obligation to protect the Technology Transfer process through policies and laws. “The government should have protection for Technology Transfer”, he stressed in the forum.

Nandang Sutrisno SH, MH, LLM, PhD, delivered material related to Foreign Investment during the Second Term of Joko Widodo. According to Nandang, there have been a lot of policy changes from the first half to the two governments of President Joko Widodo. Nandang said, the investment index during the administration of President Joko Widodo increased in the midterm 2015-2019. The index increased through digital economic growth in Indonesia. According to Nandang, Indonesia has become one of the biggest houses for Unicorns. In fact, the value of Unicorn’s investment in Indonesia has even been able to beat the government’s investment. “GoJek is bigger than Garuda … “added Nandang while giving examples of data.

Unlike Nandang, Dr. Siti Anisah, S.H., M.Hum., showed the horrors of the challenges for investment in Indonesia. According to Siti Anisah, actually Indonesia is a ‘paradise’ for foreign investment. Government policies have made it easy and friendly to foreign investment. However, obstacles actually arise from irresponsible actors. “I think the Indonesian is a heaven for investment, the regulation itself is friendly with investment, but the actor doesn’t,” she said. According to Siti Anisah, Indonesia must immediately improve the law structure and law enforcement of foreign investment policies. She said, the fact is there are many obstacles occurring to foreign investors in Indonesia. “One of them is the price of advocates for foreign investors is more expensive,” she added.

Professor Dr. Sefriani, S.H., M.Hum., expressed her views on the Bilateral Investment Treaty (BIT) from Indonesian perspective. According to Sefriani, the existence would have the potential to harm Indonesia if not seriously discussed by the government. Although used widely by many countries, BIT can be detrimental to Indonesia as it does not specify a clear parameter for its termination. “Many BITs contain unclear parameters for such terms as fair and equal treatment, there is no definition for ‘fair and equal treatment'”, notes Sefriani.

Dodik Setiawan Nur Heriyanto S.H., M.H., LL.M., Ph.D.

Successful Workshop Training on International Patent Filling

Faculty of Law, Universitas Islam Indonesia in cooperation with Telkom University (TU), the Indonesian Intellectual Property Center Association (ASKII), Swiss Secretariat for Economic Affairs (SECO), Swiss Federal Institute of Intellectual Property (IPI), successfully held Workshop Training on International Patent Filling on Thursday to Friday, 5th to 6th September 2019. The training was followed by 33 participants from range different institutions. The major participants were practitioner on patent filling at local and national level organization.

The trainer was Dr. Kamran Housang Pour from from the Swiss Federal Institute of Intellectual Property. With his expertise, he explained important practical knowledge on intellectual patent filling. The material presented by Dr. Kamran was about Declarations under Rule 4.1, Representation of PCT Applicants, Priority Claims and Priority Documents, Correction/Addition of Priority Claims, Correction of Defects in an International Application, Incorporation by Reference, Rectification of Obvious Mistakes, Recording of Changes to Bibliographic Data under PCT Rule 92bis, Functions of the Receiving Office and the International Bureau, International Search and Supplementary International Search, Whether to File a Demand International Preliminary Examination – Procedures and purpose Unity of Invention, International Publication, Access to the File, PCT Fees, Amendments, Entry into the National Phase, Restoration of the Right of Priority, Withdrawal, Simulation And Practices.

At the end of the training, the head of the committee mentioned that “the workshop training is aimed to strengthen the practical experience and knowledge of the participants. Understanding the international patent filling would create strong confident to boost and encourage international patent application especially from Indonesia. Thus, we do hope that Indonesian patent recognised increasingly at international level” said Dodik Setiawan Nur Heriyanto, SH, MH, LLM, PhD.

The training was held around 2 days and at the end the ceremony, the participants received certificate and all the materials of the training.

Dodik Setiawan Nur Heriyanto S.H., M.H., LL.M., Ph.D.

DOUBLE DEGREE MASTER LAW UII BATCH-3 PROGRAM STUDENTS IN SOUTH KOREA PASSED CUMLAUDE

Youngsan University held a graduation ceremony for the Undergraduate and Postgraduate Program even semester of the 2018/2019 academic year last Friday (8/23/2019) at the main Auditorium of the M Building South Korea’s Busan Heundae Campus.
This event is a graduation ceremony with a total of 230 graduates from various study programs both from undergraduate to doctoral programs, namely 9 doctoral program graduates, 20 master program graduates and 201 graduates for undergraduate programs.
Among the graduates were foreign students from outside South Korea such as Indonesia, Vietnam, Cambodia, China and several other countries. Among the graduates from Indonesia, there were 3 double degree students in the jurisprudence of the Islamic University of Indonesia batch 3. The three UII students were Dhita Rahma Yanuari (Student Number: 17912009), Rahayu Saraswati Herlambang (Student Number: 17912024), and Intan Griya Purnamasari (Student Number: 17912009), successfully completed his studies at Youngsan University and earned an LLM degree with cum laude with a perfect GPA of 4.50.
The double degree program held by the Postgraduate Law Study Program at UII and Youngsan University which has been running for 3 years is expected to continue, this is because in a short time the students achieve two legal degrees at once, so that they are expected to be able to produce qualified and skilled graduates. global.

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Mengembalikan GBHN

Author: Dr. Idul Rishan, S.H., LL.M

Lecturer in Faculty of Law, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Departement of Constitutional Law

 

Apakah sudah diperhitungkan rencana amandemen terbatas UUD yang sudah semakin mengkristal pada romantisme GBHN? Adakah studi kelayakan yang telah memberikan preposisi bahwa Sistem Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional kita bermasalah sehingga tidak relevan lagi untuk digunakan? Seberapa dalam cetak biru yang telah disusun MPR, metode risetnya apa, sehingga GBHN menjadi laik diterapkan kembali sebagai kerangka dasar pembangunan nasional. Sungguhpun sudah dipikirkan secara matang, bagaimana dengan proses dan mekanisme perubahannya?

Sejumlah pertanyaan di atas, mengirimkan pesan bahwan wacana amademen terbatas perlu dikonstruksikan secara komprehensif. Dibangun melalui konsep yang kuat, serta memperhatikan sejumlah ekses yang kemungkinan dapat ditimbulkan. Jika tidak, proyek besar ini bisa kebablasan dan justru menambah sengkarut problem ketatanegaraan.

Dalam ketentuan hukum positif saat ini, beberapa perangkat regulasi pada dasarnya telah mengakomodir arah pembangunan dan haluan bernegara. Misalnya Sistem Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional (SPPN, UU No 25 Tahun 2004) dan Rancana Pembangunan Jangka Panjang (RPJP UU No 17 Tahun 2007). Bahkan secara lebih detail, arah pembangunan juga diderivasikan lagi melalui Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Menengah Nasional (RPJMN) yang meliputi pembangunan nasional, bidang, dan wilayah.

Jika hendak memahami arah politik hukum pembangunan nasional pascatransisi politik, sebenarnya tidak terlihat garis demarkasi yang tajam antara politik pembangunan era orde baru dengan politik pembangunan saat ini. Melalui perangkat SPPN, RPJPN, dan RPJMN, pembangunan nasional juga dapat dialkukan secara terukur dan sistematis. Artinya, secara materiil hampir tidak ada pembedaan cara kerja pada model pembangunan bergaya GBHN dengan model SPPN dan RPJP. Setidaknya, titik pembedaan itu hanya pada aspek formalnya saja.

Jika arag pembangunan nasional di era orde baru diterapkan MPR, maka arah pembagunan nasional saat ini ditetapkan Presiden dan DPR melalui kerangka legislasi nasional. Pilihan politik hukum demikian tidak lahir tanpa basis rasionalitas politik yang kuat. Laiknya sebuah silogisme hukum, ada beberapa alasan mengapa GBHN tidak lagi relevan diterapkan pascatransisi politik.

Pertama, soal kesepakatan dasar perubahan UUD di era transisi. Saat itu, semua partai politik sepakat bahwa agenda perubahan UUD dilandaskan pada semangat memperkuat sistem presidensiil (Valina Singka:2008). Dengan mempertahankan model pembangunan melalui GBHN, sistem pemerintahan akan jauh berayun pada gaya parlementer. Seluruh pertanggungjawaban politik akan diserakan ke MPR. Tidak menutup kemungkinan MPR akan kembali menjadi pemegang kendali atas kuasa rakyat.

Kedua, masa jabatan presiden yang limitatif tidak akan kompatibel dengan model pembagunan GBHN. Sebagai sebuah produk politik, upaya perubahan terhadap materi muatan GBHN menjadi sangat mungkin terjadi. Perkembangan koalisi kepartaian sangat dinamis, menyebabkan GBHN menjadi sangat sulit diterima dan diterapkan pada pemerintahan berikutnya.

Ketiga, dengan menerapkan model pembangunan berbasis GBHN, ada berbagai macam implikasi yang ditimbulkan terhadap sistem hukum nasional. Mulai dari posisi tawar GBHN terhadap hierarki perundang-undnagan sampai dengan model pengujian norma hukum yang bisa saja bertentangan dengan GBHN. Membaca sejumlah tantangan di atas, maka keinginan melakukan amandemen terbatas bisa saja melebar menjadi isu yang tak terbatas.

Terlepas dari rentetan panjang yang mungkin biosa ditimbulkan, tidak kalah penting ialah mengawal bagaimana proses pembuatan itu akan dilakukan. Sebuah konstitusi yang demokratis tidak akan mungkin dihasilkan melalui proses politik yang kolutif. Seperti disematkan Bianc, bahwa proses itu akan menentukan hasil perubahan konstitusi. (Bonime Blanc: 1987). Perlu diingat setelah perubahan UUD, MPR merupakan lembaga yang berwenang mengubah dan menetapkan UUD. Ia tak lagi sebatas lembaga yang menetapkan, tetapi juga menjadi bagian dalam proses perubahan UUD. Imbasnya peranan partai politik menjadi sangat dominan.

Dengan peta politik demikian, MPR bisa saja terdistorso dengan konflik kepentingan. Sebab, materi muatan amandemen justru menyangkut kepentingan kelembagaannya sendiri. Ada baiknya proyek besar untuk MPR itu perlu dipertimbangkan kembali. Biar bagaimanapun, konstitusi merupakan norma fundamental. Ia hidup dan berkembang dalam praktik berbangsa dan bernegara. Bukan komoditas kepentingan golongan yang bersifat sektoral.


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The Faculty Conduct Orientation and Release of Credit Transfer Students to AIKOL IIUM and Youngsan University

Faculty of Law Universitas Islam Indonesia (UII) held an orientation and release of students to be dispatched to Malaysia and South Korea, on Tuesday (27/08). A total of 10 students will join the Credit Transfer program to Ahmad Ibrahim Kulliyyah of Law International Islamic University Malaysia (AIKOL IIUM) dan Youngsan University. They will conduct lectures for one semester, with five students will be dispatched to IIUM and the others five to Youngsan University, Bussan, South Korea.

The event was held in five sessions, starting at 09:00 until 15:00 WIB. The event was facilitated by Dodik Setiawan Nur Heriyanto, S.H., M.H., LL.M., Ph.D., as the Secretary of International Program Study Faculty of Law UII. Nevertheless, students who will depart are not only from international programs. There were consisted of six international program students and six regular students of Faculty of Law.
At the event, the Vice Dean of Student Affairs, Dr., Drs. Muntoha SH., M.Ag., gave an advise as well as dispatched the students. Muntoha advised the students to keep the good name of the UII almamater. “Protect the good name of our alma mater”, he said. According to Muntoha, in addition to studying, students also have the duty to maintain good cooperation that has been established between UII with IIUM and Youngsan University. “In order for the continuation of cooperation between UII and Youngsan University (and IIUM) to be maintained”.

The first session was filled by Dr. Budi Agus Riswandi SH., M.Hum., who filled the General Orientation material. During the session Budi Agus, who was also the Head of Undergraduate Study Program of Faculty of Law UII, gave an introduction to overseas experience and environment. According to him, students must optimize their goals in joining this program, which is to study. However, he also stressed that students are free to hang out and play, as long as considered the values ​​taught at UII. “The important thing is to be happy, not to be carried hard,” he said. According to him, studying abroad is not only a different location, but the most important thing is that the culture and rules are also different. So, he advised that students be very good at adjusting.

The fifth session was quite interesting, when Dodik Setiawan facilitated the students to have a talk with Prof. Jihyun Park from Youngsan University. The teleconference was carried out through Skype social media. Prof. Jihyun Park welcomed and greeted the students who were going to study at Youngsan University and IIUM.

The students are planned to depart on Thursday, (29/08), from Soekarno-Hatta International Airport, Cengkareng. Faculty leaders will take the students directly to Jakarta”, said Dodik Setiawan. After that, students who go to IIUM will be delivered to Malaysia, while students who go to Youngsan University will be picked up by Youngsan when they arrive in South Korea.

Dodik Setiawan Nur Heriyanto S.H., M.H., LL.M., Ph.D.

Pradana Attended UEL Summer School in Vietnam

UEL Summer School is one of the annual activities of the American Law Center – a research institute established by the University of Economics and Law, Vietnam National University in Ho Chi Minh city (UEL). This year, the UEL Summer School 2019 focuses on Contract Law and Dispute Resolution & Negotiations of the United States. The two courses shall be lectured by Justice Steven H. David and Professor Cynthia M. Adams — revered professors from Indiana University Robert H. McKinney School of Law. The UEL Summer School 2019 will be an outstanding academic event for both lecturers, researchers, students from Viet Nam and overseas. In joining the UEL Summer School program, Pradana received a full scholarship while participating in the activity. In getting this scholarship, Pradana has passed several tests given by the University of Economics and Law, National University of Vietnam.

In this Summer School program, Pradana Satya attended lectures for 2 weeks, in which there were 2 material distributions namely in the first week learning about Alternative Dispute Resolution in which there was learning about Negotiation, Mediation, Litigation and Arbitration. In this first week’s lecture, the lecturer was Professor Cynthia M. Adams. Professor Cynthia M. Adams is a lecturer at Indiana University’s Robert H. McKinney School of Law and also a practitioner in her field. Then, in the second week’s lecture material delivered by a Chief Justice at the Indiana Supreme Court at the United State of America namely Justice Steven H. David. In the second week, the material presented was regarding Contract Law in the American Law system and also the application of contracts in international business law. Every weekend, a final test will be held to test the ability of students and also one of the requirements to get a certificate of graduation from the Summer School so that every student must be able to pass the final test.

In this UEL Summer School activity, Pradana gained a lot of new knowledge that was not obtained during lectures in class, Pradana gained a lot of new experiences of the course and could also share knowledge with fellow students from all Asian countries. It is very important to be able to join the Summer School program like this. This is due to sharpen mentally and also to increase knowledge and enthusiasm for learning from students in order to gain useful experience and knowledge outside the classroom within the University.

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AMANDEMEN KONSTITUSI & KOALISI PARTAI

Author: Dr. Idul Rishan, S.H., LL.M

Lecturer in Faculty of Law, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Departement of Constitutional Law

Hampir dipastikan, periode kedua pemerintahan Joko Widodo akan ditopang dengan koalisi “gemuk” di parlemen. Mayoritas partai politik di DPR, akan bahu membahu mensukseskan beberapa program kebijakan yang sudah dicanangkan pada pemerintahan 2019-2024. Dengan koalisi mayoritas, relasi eksekutif dan legislatif diperkirakan akan jauh lebih stabil. Meskipun harus di akui, dukungan mayoritas partai di DPR sebenarnya juga dapat melahirkan ancaman. Bisa di bayangkan, jika mayoritas partai politik di DPR bersekutu dengan pemerintah, maka Presiden tidak hanya menjadi episentrum kekuasaan eksekutif, tetapi juga menjelma sebagai pengendali kekuatan partai-partai politik yang ada di parlemen. Aroma bagi-bagi kekuasaan sudah mulai tercium. Selain soal jatah kabinet, perebutan kursi pimpinan MPR juga menjadi bagian yang tak terpisahkan. Dengan koalisi mayoritas, MPR akan menjadi lembaga strategis dalam masa pemerintahan lima tahun ke depan. Jika koalisi pemerintah benar-benar solid, MPR bisa saja bereksperimen dengan kewenangannya mengubah dan menetapkan UUD.

Minoritas- Mayoritas

Jika hendak menarik isu perdebatan ini dalam ranah konseptual, relasi eksekutif -legislatif menjadi wilayah yang cukup menarik dalam sistem presidensil. Kenyataannya, sistem pemerintahan kita pasca transisi politik, cenderung bergerak secara dinamis. Setidaknya ada dua pola relasi eksekutif-legislatif yang selama ini menjadi basis konvensi kenegaraan dalam sistem multi partai.  Pola pertama, bangunan koalisi dengan corak minoritas. Dalam langgam ini, Presiden tidak mendapatkan dukungan dari sebagian besar partai politik yang ada di parlemen. Pembelahan pemerintahan (divided government) sangat dimungkinkan terjadi karena relasi eksekutif dan legislatif cenderung bersifat konfrontatif. Kondisi ini pernah dialami sendiri oleh Presiden Jokowi-JK di awal-awal masa pemerintahan 2014-2019. Dengan dukungan minoritas, Presiden kesulitan membangun program-program pemerintahan. Kondisi ini semakin diperparah dengan desain UUD pasca amandemen yang memberikan begitu banyak delegasi kewenagan kepada DPR berupa pertimbangan dan persetujuan. Pola kedua, bangunan koalisi dengan corak mayoritas. Pada langgam ini, mau tidak mau, Presiden merangkul mayoritas partai politik untuk bergabung pada koalisi pemerintahan. Sedikit beraroma parlementer, karena relasi eksekutif-legislatif melebur jadi satu. (Alferd Stephen & Cindy Skach:1993). Cara ini dipercaya sebagai alternatif membangun stabilitas pemerintahan. Dengan dukungan mayoritas partai politik, kebijakan-kebijakan pemerintah relatif bisa berjalan mulus di parlemen. Termasuk di dalamnya soal keinginan untuk melakukan amandemen kelima UUD.

Tanpa Kontrol

Dengan bangunan koalisi mayoritas, pintu amandemen konstitusi menjadi sangat terbuka lebar. Siasat amandemen ini bisa dianalogikan seperti lempengan uang koin. Di satu sisi bisa memperkuat percepatan kebutuhan demokrasi, namun disisi lain, bisa menjadi jebakan otoritarianisme. Perlu diingat bahwa  proses perubahan UUD bisa berjalan tanpa kontrol. Jika melihat prosedur dan beberapa syarat formil perubahan UUD, kelembagaan MPR merupakan forum joint session anggota DPR dan anggota DPD. Secara kuorum DPD bisa saja tidak dapat menjadi penyeimbang kekuatan mayoritas partai politik yang ada di DPR. Mengingat berdasarkan jumlah, anggota DPR terdiri dari 575 orang dan anggota DPD hanya sejumlah 136 orang. Sementara Pasal 37 UUD mensyaratkan 1/3 jumlah anggota untuk usul perubahan, dihadiri sekurang-kurangnya 2/3 dan 50% plus satu untuk persetujuan perubahan. Dalam peta politik demikian, perubahan UUD sangat ditentukan pada kekuatan mayoritas partai politik pendukung pemrintah di DPR. Agenda amandemen ini tentu bisa menjadi bola liar, sebab materi perubahan  UUD cenderung bersifat sangat kompromistis. Sebut saja soal gagasan perubahan yang sudah semakin mengkristal pada penguatan kelembagaan MPR dalam menetapkan Garis-Garis Besar Haluan Negara (GBHN).

Komisi Konstitusi

Dengan menyerahkan semata-mata pada kekuatan politik mayoritas, tentu akan menghasilkan kompromi politik yang sangat sektoral. MPR sebagai lembaga yang berwenang mengubah dan menetapkan UUD, sarat terjebak dengan konflik kepentingan. Apalagi jika materi perubahannya menyangkut soal penguatan kelembagaannya sendiri. Jika benar amandemen UUD akan digulirkan pada periode kedua pemerintahan Joko Widodo, ada baiknya memperhitungkan pembentukan Komisi Konstitusi. Badan khusus yang dibentuk secara independen dan bersifat non partisan untuk mengkaji materi perubahan UUD. Belajar dari Spanyol, Filipina dan Thailand, perubahan konstitusinya dilakukan melalui spesial konvensi dengan pembentukan komisi khusus. Langkah ini dibangun agar usulan dan hasil perubahan konstitusi tidak bias dari kekuatan politik pemerintah a quo. (David G. Timbermand,ISEAS:1999). Pentingnya membentuk komisi konstitusi dalam perubahan UUD, pada dasaranya dipengaruhi oleh alasan paradigmatik.  Partai politik berdiri pada basis untuk merebut dan mempertahankan kekuasaaan, sementara konstitusi berpijak pada basis pembatasan kekuasaan. Memberikan peran mayoritas kepada partai politik terhadap perubahan UUD, sama artinya memberikan kesempatan partai politik untuk merebut atau mempertahankan kekuasaannya.  Itu sebabnya agenda perubahan UUD perlu dikaji dengan basis rasionalitas yuridis, sosiologis dan filosofis. Bahwa perubahan itu memang benar-benar dibutuhkan guna membangun percepatan demokratisasi. Jika tidak, gagasan amandemen ini bisa membawa pemerintahan Jokowi-Ma’ruf pada jebakan otoritarianisme.

This article have been pubslished in rubric Pendapat of KORAN TEMPO, 13 August 2019.