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FH UII Public Dissertation Defense: Junaidi Arif Proposes an Equitable Hardship Clause Model in Commercial Contracts

Yogyakarta, September 29, 2026 — The Faculty of Law, Universitas Islam Indonesia (FH UII), held a Public Dissertation Defense and Doctoral Promotion for Junaidi Arif on Saturday, September 26, 2026, in the 4th Floor Auditorium of FH UII. During the solemn open hearing, Junaidi Arif successfully defended his dissertation titled “A Hardship Clause Model in Commercial Contracts Providing Fairness for the Parties” before the board of examiners.

The candidate’s (promovendus) research was driven by the goal of formulating a hardship clause model in commercial contracts that delivers justice for all involved parties, responding directly to the absence of explicit statutory norms in Indonesian contract law. The researcher addressed three primary issues: first, the philosophical necessity of hardship clauses in Indonesian contract law; second, how Indonesian contract law currently fails to accommodate hardship according to international contract law standards; and third, the formulation of an equitable hardship clause model within Indonesian contract law.

Presenting his findings to the examiners, the doctoral candidate explained that from a philosophical standpoint, a hardship clause reflects the principles of justice and balance in contractual relationships by providing an adaptive mechanism to manage unpredictability. This clause allows the parties to renegotiate their obligations so that neither party is unfairly burdened. The lack of accommodation for hardship in Indonesian contract law aligned with international standards stems from Indonesia’s positive law relying on the Civil Code (KUHPerdata), a legacy of Dutch colonial law. This gap reflects a normative vacuum that creates legal uncertainty in practice whenever fundamental changes occur that make performance excessively onerous for one party. The hardship clause model developed by the International Trade Centre (ITC)—recognized as a best-practice model in international contract practice—can be adopted as a structural reference for commercial contracts, while still honoring the principle of party autonomy to determine whether to regulate the clause specifically or exclude it entirely.

The novelty of this research lies in the formulation of a hardship clause model into legislation as an explicit, comprehensive, and operational norm with a semi-mandatory structure. Under this framework, the state is obligated to provide basic norms and minimum protections, while the parties remain free to tailor the implementation mechanism to suit their specific contractual needs.

Junaidi Arif completed his dissertation under the guidance of Promoter Prof. Nandang Sutrisno, S.H., LL.M., M.Hum., Ph.D., and Co-Promoter Dodik Setiawan Nur Heriyanto, S.H., M.H., LL.M., Ph.D. The examination board for the public defense was chaired by Drs. Agus Triyanta, M.A., M.H., Ph.D., with board members including Prof. Dr. Agus Yudha Hernoko, S.H., M.H., Prof. Dr. Abdul Halim Barkatullah, S.Ag., S.H., M.Hum., Dr. Siti Anisah, S.H., M.Hum., and Dr. Inda Rahadiyan, S.H., LL.M.

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FH UII Co-Hosts The 4th ICOLGAS 2026, Four Lecturers Named Best Presenters

Purwokerto — The Faculty of Law, Universitas Islam Indonesia (FH UII) served as one of the co-hosts of The 4th International Conference on Law, Governance, and Social Justice (ICOLGAS) 2026, organized by the Faculty of Law, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman (Unsoed). The international conference took place on 14–16 September 2026 at the Java Heritage Hotel, Purwokerto, in a hybrid format.

Alongside FH UII, the conference was co-hosted by The University of Melbourne (Australia), Teikyo University (Japan), Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (Malaysia), Universitas Indonesia, and Universitas Hasanuddin. ICOLGAS 2026 carried the theme “Governing the Future Through Local Wisdom: Law, AI, and Community Environmental Resilience for the SDGs”, covering four sub-themes: policy, law, and governance for the SDGs; ecosystem resilience and climate adaptation; artificial intelligence (AI) and data governance in environmental systems; and other relevant legal issues.

Invited speakers included Dr. Petra Mahy (The University of Melbourne), Assoc. Prof. Hazmi Rusli (Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia), and Prof. Miyuki Tsuyuki (Teikyo University). The conference drew more than 200 participants from five countries, namely Indonesia, Malaysia, India, Australia, and Japan, with around 120 papers presented.

FH UII sent 13 lecturers to present their research at the forum. The papers were the result of collaborative research between lecturers and students, including international students and post-doctoral researchers at FH UII, reflecting the faculty’s collaborative research across academic levels and national borders.

Four FH UII lecturers were named best presenters at the conference:

  1. Dodik Setiawan Nur Heriyanto, S.H., M.H., LL.M., Ph.D.;
  2. Siti Rahma Novikasari, S.H., M.H.;
  3. Rahadian Diffaul Barraq Suwartono, S.H., M.H.; and
  4. Catur Septiana Rakhmawati, S.H., M.H.

This participation reflects FH UII’s commitment to supporting excellent research and expanding academic collaboration at both national and international levels. Through active engagement in international scholarly forums, FH UII seeks to strengthen its institutional recognition and its contribution to legal scholarship for society.

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FH UII Takes Pride: Bagya Agung Prabowo Elected as General Chairman of APPHEISI for the 2026–2031 Period

Yogyakarta — The academic community of the Faculty of Law, Universitas Islam Indonesia (FH UII), extends its congratulations to Bagya Agung Prabowo, S.H., M.Hum., Ph.D., a lecturer at Faculty of Law UII and the Head of the Undergraduate Study Program in Business Law at FH UII. He has been elected as the General Chairman of the Association of Islamic Economic Law Lecturers and Researchers of Indonesia (APPHEISI) for the 2026–2031 period. The election took place during the APPHEISI 2026 General Assembly and Succession on Saturday, September 19, 2026, at the Faculty of Law, Diponegoro University.

APPHEISI is a national association for lecturers and researchers of Islamic economic law in Indonesia. Founded on September 29, 2015, and officially launched on April 27, 2016, the association has received support from the Financial Services Authority (OJK) since its inception. APPHEISI actively collaborates with various higher education institutions and professional associations—including the Indonesian Notaries Association, the Association of Indonesian Islamic Law Lecturers, and the Association of Indonesian Sharia Lawyers—and synergizes with the National Committee for Islamic Economy and Finance (KNEKS). Its mission is to strengthen education, research, and literacy in Islamic economic law across Indonesia.

The election of Bagya Agung Prabowo, S.H., M.Hum., Ph.D. continues the commitment established during the 2021–2026 period, during which he served as Vice Chairman II of APPHEISI alongside General Chairperson Prof. Dr. Ro’fah Setyowati from Diponegoro University. A permanent faculty member at FH UII since 2001, he earned his Bachelor’s and Master’s degrees from the Universitas Islam Indonesia and holds a Ph.D. from the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM). His areas of expertise include Muamalat law and Islamic banking law. He is also recognized as a practitioner, serving as a certified National Sharia Arbitrator and Indonesian Sharia Mediator.

The entire academic community expresses its heartiest congratulations and highest appreciation. May this trust bring APPHEISI further growth, strengthen the role of academics in developing Islamic economic law in Indonesia, and continue to bring broad benefits to the community, nation, and state. Aamiin.

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Faculty of Law UII Students Learn Practical Aspects of the Judiciary at the Palace of Justice, Putrajaya

PUTRAJAYA, 28 August 2026 — On 28 August 2026, as part of its International Academic Visit to Malaysia, a delegation from the Faculty of Law, Universitas Islam Indonesia (Faculty of Law UII) visited the Palace of Justice in Putrajaya, seat of Malaysia’s Federal Court and Court of Appeal. The delegation was received with great enthusiasm by Tuan Ahmad Fairuz bin Mohd Puzi, Deputy Registrar of the Federal Court of Malaysia.

Faculty of Law UII delegation was welcomed into one of the building’s courtrooms for an active discussion session. Students of the International Undergraduate Study Program in Law, Faculty of Law UII, were invited to engage directly with Tuan Ahmad Fairuz, who opened the session by explaining the structure of Malaysia’s judicial system before drawing comparisons between the exercise of judicial power in Malaysia and in Indonesia. The discussion covered how each country’s courts are organised, how judicial authority is distributed across the hierarchy, and how the two systems differ historically.

Throughout the session, the students participated enthusiastically, raising questions on judicial authority in actual and cross-border cases, including how Malaysian courts approach jurisdictional questions when disputes involve parties or events beyond national borders. The hour-long discussion let the delegation test their classroom understanding of comparative judicial systems against real institutional practice, guided directly by a senior officer of the Federal Court.

Following the discussion, the delegation continued its visit to the library and museum. At the library, students explored legal references and materials supporting the work of the Federal Court and Court of Appeal, while the museum offered a curated look at the history and development of the Malaysian judiciary, including its architectural heritage and journey toward full judicial independence. For the visiting students, the combination of courtroom discussion and museum exhibits offered a rare chance to see the practical and historical dimensions of judicial practice side by side.

The visit to the Palace of Justice forms part of the broader International Academic Visit program carried out by the Faculty of Law UII, which is designed to expose students directly to the practices of global legal professionals and institutions. By engaging with senior judiciary officers and observing how one of the region’s highest courts operates, students gain insight beyond textbook learning, better preparing them for careers that increasingly require familiarity with comparative judicial systems and cross-border legal issues.

The agenda concluded with the presentation of commemorative merchandise to Tuan Ahmad Fairuz bin Mohd Puzi, followed by a group photo session, bringing the visit to a close on a warm and collegial note.

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International Collaborative Lecture: FH UII Welcomes 33 University of Malaya Students to Explore Islamic Law in Indonesia

On Thursday, July 23, 2026, the Faculty of Law at Universitas Islam Indonesia (FH UII) hosted a distinguished visit from students of the University of Malaya (UM), one of Malaysia’s premier institutions. This event was part of a short-term study program resulting from a collaborative partnership between the Undergraduate Study Program in Law at FH UII and the Faculty of Syariah and Law at the University of Malaya. A total of 33 Malaysian students gathered at the Professor & Senate Assembly Room, 2nd Floor of FH UII, with the primary objective of gaining an in-depth understanding of the current application and development of Islamic Law in Indonesia.

In his welcoming remarks, the Dean of the Faculty of Law at UII, Dr. Drs. Agus Triyanta, M.A., M.H., Ph.D., expressed his profound appreciation and gratitude for this exceptional collaboration. He noted that this marks the second occasion FH UII has hosted a student delegation from the University of Malaya for a joint learning initiative. Furthermore, he highlighted the shared historical values between the two institutions; while the University of Malaya stands as the oldest university established in Malaysia, UII is one of Indonesia’s oldest national universities, founded by the nation’s founding fathers. This shared heritage is expected to further solidify the academic relationship between both parties.

The core of the program was delivered through a COIL (Collaborative Online International Learning) framework, featuring three expert speakers who provided comprehensive legal insights. Under the workshop theme “Application of Islamic Law under the Indonesian Legal System,” the first session was led by Bagya Agung Prabowo, S.H., M.H., Ph.D., who presented on “Legal Coherence in Sharia Fintech and Sharia Compliance in the Digital Era.” This was followed by Ahmad Saad Al Dafrawi, B.Sc., MD, Ph.D., with a session titled “An Eye on Islamic Law and its Applications in Indonesia.” The final presentation was delivered by Dr. Abdul Jamil, S.H., M.H., on “The Application of Progressive Law-Based Religious Court Decisions in Indonesia.” Moderated by Siti Rahma Novikasari, S.H., M.H., the discussion aimed to offer the Malaysian students a fresh perspective on the dynamic landscape of Islamic legal practice in the country.

The event concluded with a commemorative group photo session to mark the successful international partnership. In addition to the academic sessions, the University of Malaya students were given a guided tour of the faculty’s facilities and a visit to the UII Museum to learn more about the university’s long-standing history. By hosting this program, the faculty hopes that the collaboration between UII and the University of Malaya will continue to flourish sustainably, providing a lasting positive impact on the development of legal education in both nations.

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Synergy of Law and Technology: Business Law Students from FH UII Visit Google and the Ministry of Digital Communication and Informatics

YOGYAKARTA – The Undergraduate Study Program In Business Law at the Faculty of Law, Universitas Islam Indonesia continues to reinforce its commitment to producing legal professionals who are highly responsive to the digital era. To complement academic learning with industry realities, the program organized a national strategic company visit to two core pillars of Indonesia’s digital ecosystem: PT. Google Indonesia and the Ministry of Communication and Digital of the Republic of Indonesia (Komdigi). Designed to step beyond traditional classroom settings, this initiative enabled students to observe legal compliance in practice. Through this proactive approach, The Undergraduate Study Program In Business Law at the Faculty of Law, Universitas Islam Indonesia aims to equip its students with a holistic understanding, preparing them as skilled legal practitioners capable of navigating the fast-paced digital business landscape.

Exploring Innovation, Tech Ethics, and Legal Compliance at PT. Google Indonesia

The first visit brought the delegation from The Undergraduate Study Program In Business Law at the Faculty of Law, Universitas Islam Indonesia to the office of PT. Google Indonesia. Upon arrival, they were warmly welcomed by the dynamic, open, and innovative work culture that characterizes the multinational tech company. The agenda kicked off with an interactive office tour, allowing students to explore new technological facilities and a modern workplace ecosystem that supports professional productivity at PT. Google Indonesia. Management openly introduced their latest service offerings designed to foster digital inclusion and support economic transformation in Indonesia.

However, the visit was designed to be much more than mere corporate observation. The core essence of the meeting centered on an in-depth discussion regarding the convergence of business law application and accelerating technological innovation. Experts from PT. Google Indonesia delivered practical presentations on technology ethics, legal compliance, and consumer rights protection, offering real-world insights into how a global business entity navigates Indonesia’s legal jurisdiction.

The enthusiasm of students from The Undergraduate Study Program In Business Law at the Faculty of Law, Universitas Islam Indonesia was exceptionally high, as reflected in their active participation throughout the Q&A session. What was originally scheduled as a brief exchange quickly expanded into a lively, substantive two-way forum. Students posed critical and specific questions directly to practitioners at PT. Google Indonesia, covering key issues such as: Operational mechanisms for settling disputes within digital services, The legal boundaries of platform responsibility regarding user-generated content, and Safeguard mechanisms for Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) across the cyber ecosystem.

This productive interaction demonstrated the analytical sharpness of students from The Undergraduate Study Program In Business Law at the Faculty of Law, Universitas Islam Indonesia, while providing them with direct industry perspectives on formulating legal solutions that accommodate innovation without violating strict regulations.

Analyzing Cyber Policy with the Ministry of Communication and Digital of the Republic of Indonesia

Concurrently, another student delegation from The Undergraduate Study Program In Business Law at the Faculty of Law, Universitas Islam Indonesia conducted an equally essential visit to the Ministry of Communication and Digital of the Republic of Indonesia (Komdigi). While the visit to PT. Google Indonesia provided valuable private-sector industry insights, the meeting with the Ministry played a crucial role in delivering public-sector perspectives from state policymakers and regulators.

This strategic state meeting addressed three main national priorities currently in the spotlight:

  • Information Technology Development: Analysis of national trends accelerating digital and communication technologies.
  • Digital Space Oversight: Implementation of integrated policy and oversight mechanisms by the Ministry to maintain a safe, healthy, and conducive digital climate.
  • Personal Data Protection: The urgency and challenges of enforcing data privacy regulations amid rising risks of information leaks and cybercrime threats.

The high relevance of these contemporary issues sparked massive engagement among the students. Driven by deep curiosity and academic rigor, the session at the Ministry proceeded dynamically. Accommodating this extraordinary enthusiasm, ministry officials and organizers agreed to hold four consecutive Q&A sessions. During these discussions, students proactively explored deep insights regarding the effectiveness of cyber law enforcement, legal arguments behind content blocking, and bureaucratic challenges in aligning Indonesian positive law with global technology standards. This active involvement served as a real-world simulation for students to hone their legal opinion formulation skills directly with the nation’s top digital authorities.

A Stepping Stone Toward Sustainable Strategic Collaboration

Overall, the series of company visits to PT. Google Indonesia and the Ministry of Communication and Digital of the Republic of Indonesia is expected to deliver tangible positive impacts and a far more comprehensive perspective for all students from The Undergraduate Study Program In Business Law at the Faculty of Law, Universitas Islam Indonesia. Hands-on empirical field experience proved highly effective in bridging fundamental legal theories learned in class with real-world problem-solving in industry and government. This significantly matures the intellectual and professional readiness of graduates from The Undergraduate Study Program In Business Law at the Faculty of Law, Universitas Islam Indonesia, equipping them as resilient, adaptive professionals ready to compete in an increasingly complex global job market.

Beyond a routine educational trip, this milestone was designed from the outset as a strategic first step toward building closer cooperative ties with both external institutions. The Undergraduate Study Program In Business Law at the Faculty of Law, Universitas Islam Indonesia aims to escalate these initial connections into various sustainable partnership programs in the future. This strategic roadmap includes potential formal memoranda of understanding (MoUs), certified internship opportunities for students, guest lectures delivered by industry experts, and joint research initiatives. Through this strong and enduring synergy, the higher education ecosystem at Universitas Islam Indonesia will remain continuously relevant to changing times while making meaningful contributions to building Indonesia’s digital business law ecosystem.

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FH UII and Justitia Training Center Hold Corporate Law Practitioner Certification

Figure 1.1 Group photo featuring the Dean of UII Faculty of Law, Drs. Agus Triyanta, M.A., M.H., Ph.D., and the Training Director of Justitia Training Center, Dr. (c) Dhea Yulia Maharani, S.H., M.H., alongside the training participants.

The Faculty of Law of Universitas Islam Indonesia (FH UII), through its Center for Education and Training (Pusdiklat FH UII), in collaboration with Justitia Training Center, organized the Corporate Law and Industrial Relations Practitioner Training and Certification Program. This program reflects the Faculty’s commitment to strengthening the competencies of legal practitioners in the fields of corporate law and industrial relations. Amid the increasingly dynamic and complex landscape of labor and industrial relations regulations, the program is designed to equip participants with relevant knowledge and practical competencies, enabling them to effectively address legal challenges in the corporate sector.

A total of 15 participants joined this training and certification program, bringing together academics, students, and recent graduates of FH UII, as well as members of the general public. The event was held in two stages, beginning with online training sessions from July 6 to 8, 2026, and concluding with a certification exam on Thursday, July 9, 2026, at the Faculty of Law, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Yogyakarta.

Figure 1.2 The assessor conducting an interview with a certification candidate.

During the three-day training, participants explored both the theoretical frameworks and practical applications of evolving regulations in corporate law and industrial relations. The curriculum comprehensively covered an Introduction to Corporate Law and an overview of the Job Creation Law (Company Cluster), Good Corporate Governance (GCG), Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), and the legal implications of corporate actions on the workforce. Additionally, the sessions addressed industrial relations dispute resolution, labor aspects from an international law perspective, a comparative analysis of Law No. 13/2003 and Law No. 11/2020, Occupational Health and Safety (OHS), the impacts of bankruptcy on companies and employment, and drafting techniques for collective labor agreements.

Figure 1.3 Assessor Dr. (c) Dhea Yulia Maharani, S.H., M.H., briefing candidates on the certification exam at UII Faculty of Law (July 9, 2026).

The sessions were delivered by distinguished experts in their respective fields, namely Prof. Dr. Chandra Yusuf, S.H., LL.M., MBA., M.Mgt.; Prof. Dr. Ariawan Gunadi, S.H., M.H.; Ayunita Nur Rohanawati, S.H., M.H.; Prof. Hikmahanto Juwana, S.H., LL.M., Ph.D.; Dr. Inda Rahadiyan, S.H., M.H.; Drs. Jack Alenzo, M.M., M.H.; Prof. Dr. M. Hadi Subhan, S.H., M.H., C.N.; and Dr. Ir. E. Enny Kristiani, M.Sc. The diverse range of topics provided participants with a comprehensive understanding of current developments in corporate law, corporate governance, and industrial relations dispute resolution in accordance with the prevailing legal framework.

Figure 1.4 Exchange of plaques between UII Faculty of Law and Justitia Training Center.

To conclude the program, all participants completed their certification exams on July 9, 2026, at the Faculty of Law, UII. The opening remarks were delivered by Drs. Agus Triyanta, M.A., M.H., Ph.D., the Dean of FH UII, alongside Dr. (Cand.) Dhea Yulia Maharani, S.H., M.H., the Training Director of Justitia Training Center, who also acted as the assessor for the day’s evaluations.

Figure 1.5 UII Faculty of Law lecturers taking the Corporate Law and Industrial Relations Practitioner certification exam.

The competency exam featured a multi-stage assessment consisting of a written test, practical demonstrations, presentation drafting, interviews, and the defense of structured assignments before the assessor. These evaluations aimed to measure participants’ capacity to analyze and resolve industrial relations issues professionally, aligned with industry standards. Ultimately, this joint training and certification program underscores FH UII’s commitment to delivering career-ready competency programs that cultivate professional, highly competitive, and adaptive talent.

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Public Lecture Discussing Legal Issues for Rohingya Refugees by Bangladeshi Legal Expert, Fahim Abrar Abid

On Monday, 8 June 2026, a public lecture entitled “The Protection of Rohingya Refugees from the Perspective of International Law” was held at the Faculty of Law, Universitas Islam Indonesia (UII). The lecture was delivered by Fahim Abrar Abid, Founder of the Bangladesh Society of International Law (BSIL).

In his opening remarks, Dodik Setiawan Nur Heriyanto, Ph.D., Head of the Undergraduate Law Study Program, emphasized the importance of the lecture in providing a comprehensive understanding of how other countries address the protection of Rohingya refugees. He stated:

“This public lecture is highly important in providing a comprehensive understanding of how other countries have approached the protection of Rohingya refugees. The issue remains unresolved, and Southeast Asian countries have yet to establish an effective framework to address it. Therefore, it is a privilege to welcome an expert from Bangladesh, Mr. Fahim Abrar Abid, the founder of the Bangladesh Society of International Law.”

During the lecture, Fahim Abrar Abid explained that the refugee issue affects not only ASEAN countries but also other states, including Bangladesh. He particularly highlighted the challenges surrounding the protection of refugee children. According to him, Rohingya refugee children often experience unequal treatment due to the limited ratification of relevant international legal instruments and the inadequacy of national legal frameworks in ensuring effective protection for child refugees.

He further stated: “Although the Constitution of Bangladesh guarantees protection, particularly the right to education for all children within its territory, in practice, many Rohingya refugees are categorized as illegal migrants, preventing them from accessing adequate educational opportunities. In response, several legal scholars in Bangladesh have applied the Security Absorption Theory as an approach to strengthen the protection of Rohingya refugee children.”

Fahim also noted that, as of June 2026, Bangladesh hosts approximately 960,000 Rohingya refugees, with nearly half of them being children. On this occasion, the Faculty of Law UII and the Bangladesh Society of International Law (BSIL) also signed a collaboration agreement in the fields of research and teaching. The event concluded with a group photo session involving the guest speaker, faculty members, and students who attended the public lecture.

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The Undergraduate Law Study Program presents Professor Jihyun Park to discuss the comparison of legal systems in South Korea

The Undergraduate Law Study Program, Faculty of Law, Universitas Islam Indonesia (UII), welcomed Prof. Jihyun Park, an academic and researcher from Youngsan University, Busan, Republic of Korea, as the guest speaker in a series of International Public Lectures held on 6 June 2026 and 8 June 2026. The lectures were attended by students from the Undergraduate Law Study Program, including both regular and international classes, as part of the Faculty’s commitment to broadening students’ global perspectives on comparative legal systems and contemporary international legal issues.

In his opening remarks, Dodik Setiawan Nur Heriyanto, Ph.D., Head of the Undergraduate Law Study Program, emphasized the importance of understanding diverse legal systems in an increasingly interconnected world. He stated: “Various legal systems have developed across the world, with the most widely recognized being the common law and civil law traditions. Through this public lecture, students are expected to gain a deeper understanding of comparative legal systems, not only in Indonesia but also in the Republic of Korea. By examining different legal traditions, students can identify best practices and valuable insights that may contribute to the improvement of Indonesia’s legal system.”

During the lecture, Prof. Jihyun Park explained that the legal system of the Republic of Korea has been shaped not only by Western legal traditions but also by deeply rooted social values and legal customs that have evolved over centuries. According to him, the integration of modern legal principles with longstanding local traditions has created a distinctive legal framework that continues to influence legal development in South Korea today.

In addition to discussing the South Korean legal system, Prof. Park delivered a presentation on contemporary developments in international humanitarian law. He highlighted several ongoing conflicts around the world, including the situation in Tehran, Iran, and other regions affected by armed conflict. He emphasized that the consequences of war in the modern era extend far beyond physical destruction and casualties, encompassing a range of non-conventional threats that significantly affect civilian populations.

Prof. Jihyun Park stated: “Modern armed conflicts are no longer limited to conventional military attacks. Today, wars may also create biological threats, cyber threats, and other non-physical consequences that significantly affect civilian populations. These impacts include deteriorating air quality, restrictions on humanitarian aid and food supplies, and the disruption of communication networks. Although civilians may not be the direct targets of attacks, they often bear the most severe consequences of armed conflict.”

The public lecture was highly interactive and received enthusiastic participation from students, who actively engaged in discussions on both the South Korean legal system and the evolving challenges of international humanitarian law. The event concluded with a question-and-answer session, followed by the presentation of a commemorative souvenir to Prof. Jihyun Park as a token of appreciation for his valuable contribution. The program ended with a group photo session involving the speaker, faculty members, and participating students.

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Faculty of Law UII held the 8th International Student Colloquium (ISC)

The 8th International Student Colloquium was held today at the Universitas Islam Indonesia Law Faculty, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Speakers from Indonesia, Vietnam, and Scotland discussed the ever-important nexus of armed conflict, energy, and sustainable development.

The event began with remarks from the rector of the UII Faculty of Law. This was followed by a dance performance by the Sanggar Terpidana student group from the UII Faculty of Law. The conference was attended by approximately 150 students and researchers from various countries. The conference’s proceedings were published by the UII Faculty of Law.

The auditorium was filled with inquisitive students eager to learn about topical international issues. First, Professor Dr. Kyungchan, Dean of International Affairs of Youngsan University, South Korea, provided the historical context of maritime resilience in Indonesia and the world. Dr. Kyungchan also discussed the current energy paralysis resulting from the US-Iran conflict.

Associate Professor Dr. Nguyen Quang Tuyen (Hanoi Law University) warned of the challenges to the clean energy transition in times of geopolitical instability. He stated that governments must ensure the law does not reproduce injustice at the local level when acquiring land for solar and wind farms. Dr Nguyen Quang Tuyen asserted that the environment is always the first victim in global crises. This is evident with the current global regression to non-renewable energy as the Strait of Hormuz closures continue to disrupt.

Leading scholar on international law, Associate Professor Nguyen Toan Thang (Hanoi Law University), emphasized the urgency of wide-ranging reform to bolster legal resilience in the face of crises. The associate professor stated that modern warfare can reverse years of clean energy progress. The reform agenda includes changes to international humanitarian law, investment law, and the ASEAN Protocol.

Students were taken aback when Professor Jihyun Park (Youngsan University) relayed that the United Nations official global war count is 130, 20 of which are in the most serious category. The professor asserted that there are significant grey areas in international humanitarian law, particularly with regard to cyber warfare. Reform must correct the increasingly inadequate legal framework—designed around 20th-century conflict parameters.

Associate Professor Dodik Setiawan Nur Heriyanto, PhD (Universitas Islam Indonesia), put forward a unique proposal for the establishment of virtual embassies. This would reduce costs significantly and offer a starting point for improved relationships where mutual trust is low. The associate professor acknowledged the challenges relating to cybersecurity but raised the 1979 US Embassy crisis in Tehran to illustrate that physical embassies are themselves not without risk.

The University of Glasgow’s Fahim Abrar Abid, LLM, introduced his research into proposed reform for sustainable development governance. Mr. Abid demanded that the Global South be an architect of reform as a major stakeholder. He also stated that human rights principles should be further entrenched in the legal framework, rather than mere ‘aesthetic language layered on top.’

While these global themes can be overwhelming and rather gloomy at times, there was a real sense of optimism and engagement in the room. Students were encouraged to accept their role as future leaders and promote important reform to improve legal resilience in times of crisis.