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Ilegal Downloading of Music and Song

The news on this week in media and electronic media has something interesting besides the plane crash of the Sukhoi SSJ 100 case. The news is in the form of several musicians and creators of music and national songs coming to the DPR to convey their aspirations related to the protection of music copyrights and song on the internet which is felt very serious right now. It can even threaten the sustainability of the Indonesian music industry.

Online Music and Songs

As is known, Indonesia as a legal state is actually a country that has had copyright law provisions since the days of the Dutch East Indies. This is proven by Indonesia during the Dutch East Indies era that had a copyright law called Autherwet 1912. Now, copyright law in Indonesia has undergone changes until finally it came to Law number 19 of 2002 concerning Copyright. Law number 19 of 2002 is a form of accommodation for two things. First, accommodation for the ratification of the WIPO Copyrights Treaty and the World Ponogram and Performance Treaty. These conventions are known as Internet Treaties; Second, accommodation for the rapid development of science and technology, such as the development of internet technology, is another factor in changing Indonesian copyright law.

Considering the substance of Law number. 19 of 2002, it is very clear that the Copyright Law was enacted to protect one of the creations of music and songs. Actually, there is something very progressive from the enactment of Law no. 19 of 2002, where copyright protection for music and songs is not only found in the real world (real world), but also covers copyright protection in the virtual world (virtual world). This can be found in one of the provisions that explain the meaning of announcements as regulated in Article 1 of Law no. 19 of 2002 basically the announcement of creations does not only reach in the real world area, but also in the virtual world area.

Therefore, what is requested by musicians and music and song creators on the proposal to block sites that practice illegal downloading of music and songs that are commercial in nature and harm them economically to the DPR is an effort that is legitimate to do in the context of get an optimal and effective copyright protection, although they should also do the legal process within the framework of legal learning.

Lagal Studies

Managing Director of Sony Music Entertainment Indonesia,  Totok Widjojo, is  stated the total download of illegal songs on one site in Indonesia could reach 6 million times per day. If one download is valued at IDR 1,000, the loss reaches IDR 6 billion per day (indotelko, 2012).

Based on the data, it seems that musicians and music and song creators are starting to look for ways to minimize losses caused by illegal downloading practices. There are two ways that can be taken to minimize these losses, which is through legal or political processes. It seems that in this context what is chosen is the political process. Then the question is, “why is the legal process not carried out by musicians and music and song creators?”  Perhaps the answer to this question is not really difficult because the reality of law enforcement in our country still shows a bad face.

However, despite the bad reality of law enforcement, there are things that musicians and music creators should play in encouraging good law enforcement. One of these roles is through legal learning to law enforcement officers and the public by taking legal action on the cases they face. It is true that musicians and songwriters have the notion that handling cases through the legal process is a form of wasting energy and materials, but from a legal perspective, what musicians and songwriters do can have a positive impact on improving law enforcement.

At least, when the case is entered into the legal process, law enforcement officers will be required to be able to resolve the case properly and fairly. The implication of this demand is that law enforcement officers will be encouraged to find out whether scientifically or practically understand this case and understand how to solve it. Realize it or not, law enforcement officers are slowly being pushed to improve their competence and professionalism. In another, if from this legal process a good and quality legal decision can be born, then this can be used as reference material for subsequent law enforcement processes.

Meanwhile, for the society with the adoption of this case through a legal process, they become aware that the act of illegal downloading contains elements of a violation of the law and causes harm to musicians, the government and the community itself.

Wallahualam bis Shawab.

Prof. Dr. Budi Agus Riswandi, S.H., M.Hum.

                                                Director of Intellectual Property Rights Center

Faculty of Law UII Yogyakarta

 

 

 

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Loss of Guarantee The Protection of Traditional Culture

Once again, the Indonesian society are faced with a commotion about the claims of traditional culture by the Malaysian society. In this cases that have arisen are related to Tarian Tor-Tor dan Gondang Sambilan (Sembilan Gendang) originating from the Mandailing society of North Sumatra. The interesting thing about this incident is that many parties feel “angry” on what has been done by the Malaysia. From the ordinary people to politicians. Because of this commotion, one question has really raised a question, is there a commitment by the State to guarantee the protection of traditional culture?

 

Constitutional Guarantee in Protecting Traditional Culture

According to the Preamble to the 1945 Constitution, it is clear that one of the objectives of the establishment of the State of Indonesia is within the framework of protecting the entire Indonesian nation and all of its bloodshed. It means that the State is obliged to be able to provide protection for both human and non-human resources. In the context of non-human resources, the State should be able to protect both natural and non-natural resources, there are no exception in terms of protecting traditional culture.

In accordance with this issue, based on the constitution bodies there are several provisions that provide direction as well as firm guarantees for the protection of traditional culture. The basic of constitutional in the context of protecting traditional culture is stated in Article 18B paragraph (2) of the second amendment to the 1945 Constitution which stated that “The state recognizes and respects customary law community units and their traditional rights as long as they are still alive and in accordance with community development and the principle of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia as regulated in the Law.” and Article 28I paragraph (3) of the second amendment to the 1945 Constitution which reads as follows: Cultural identity and rights of traditional communities are respected in line with the development of times and civilizations”. In addition to the above provisions, Article 32 paragraph (1) and paragraph (2) of the fourth amendment to the 1945 Constitution provide a basis for further strengthening the direction and guarantees of the constitution on the importance of protecting traditional culture in Indonesia.

 

 

Loss of Traditional Cultural Protection Guarantee

Based on the currently issue which is developing regarding Malaysia’s efforts with the recording of Tarian Tor-Tor dan Gondang Sambilan (Sembilan Gendang) as cultural heritage, which is really concerning. This concern arises because this case is not the first case but has become a case for the umpteenth time related to traditional culture. The question is, in this context can the State be considered to have lost its commitment to guarantee the protection of traditional culture?

Talking about the state’s commitment to guarantee the protection of traditional culture, it is actually not enough to just express it in the form of normative formulations in the constitution, but there are no more tangible actions. In reality, the State has lost its commitment to guarantee the protection of traditional culture. There are two parameters that the commitment of the State has actually been lost in providing guarantees for the protection of traditional culture. The two parameters are;

First, in the context of case resolution, it appears that the State is unable to complete the settlement of cases of claims of traditional culture by foreign parties completely and clearly. From the Batik case to Tarian Tor-Tor, the state can only remain silent without a clear attitude to resolve the case. Even if there is a response, this does not solve the case completely. Recognition by UNESCO of several traditional cultures has not resolved the problem of protecting traditional cultures, as evidenced by the case for other types of traditional cultures. On the other hand, efforts to encourage all traditional cultures to be recognized by UNESCO may not necessarily be carried out due to strict requirements and may be inefficient.

 Second, in the context of developing a legal system, the State is unable to develop legislation that leads to the development of a traditional cultural protection system. In fact, if you look at the provisions of Article 18B paragraph (2) of the Second Amendment to the 1945 Constitution, the constitution explicitly requires that in the framework of respecting traditional rights which also includes the protection of traditional culture, a statutory provision should be made that can optimize the intent of Article 18B paragraph (2). the 18B. In fact, until now the expected legislation has not appeared. In the past, the Directorate General of Intellectual Property Rights at the Ministry of Law and Human Rights had indeed drafted a Bill on the Protection and Utilization of Traditional Culture, but the bill itself so far has not shown a clear end to its origins. Therefore, this can be interpreted that it is true that the State has lost its commitment to guarantee the protection of traditional culture.

Wallahu’alam bis Shawab.

Prof. Dr. Budi Agus Riswandi, S.H., M.Hum.

                                                Director of Intellectual Property Rights Center

Faculty of Law UII Yogyakarta

 

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COLLECTIVE MOVEMENT OF IPR AWARENESS

On Friday, April 26 2013, the international community celeberate the 13th intellectual property rights day. In this context, this warning is often used as a momentum by the international community and countries in the world to further strengthen the importance of IPR in encouraging the progress of human civilization. Currently, the theme carried by WIPO in commemoration of the 13th World Intellectual Property Rights Day is “Innovation for the Next Generation”, while the theme raised by the Directorate General of Intellectual Property Rights is “Continuous Innovation for National Glory”.

For the Indonesia, IPR should become a collective awareness in order to improve the welfare of the people. To achieve this, the IPR movement really must be able to involve all components of the nation’s children. The IPR movement should not only be partial, sporadic, and carried out by a handful of groups without a clear direction, but should be a comprehensive, systemic movement, and involve the widest participation of the community by focusing on a goal,which is building Indonesian society welfare through IPR.

Notes on Awareness of IPR

The Indonesian nation has always been perceived as a society that has not optimally possessed IPR awareness. This perception is actually more due to several reasons. There are at least two reasons that strengthen this, consist of; First, there are still rampant IPR violations committed by the Indonesian society. For example, in the case of music and song violations, according to Member of the Board of Management of the Indonesian Recording Industry Association, Jusak Irwan Sutiono, there are illegal sales of Indonesian song downloads amounting to more than 6 million songs. For example, 1 song costs Rp. 3,000, so the potential loss for Indonesia aka the music industry per day is Rp. 18 billion/day.; Second, the low number of IPR applications submitted by the Indonesian people, especially in terms of filing patent applications. According to data from the Directorate General of Intellectual Property Rights, overseas PCT patents amounted to 4839, Domestic PCT patents amounted to 8 in 2011.

In other side of the perception that the awareness of IPR in Indonesia is not optimal, this is also inseparable from the weakness of the IPR management system both at the center and in the regions. Indications of the weakness of the IPR management system can be seen when IPR is currently considered a matter for the Ministry of Law and Human Rights of the Republic of Indonesia if it is in the Central Government, while IPR becomes a matter for the Department of Industry and Trade if it is in the Regional Government.

In conclusion, it is possible that the issue of IPR awareness in Indonesia is actually a serious matter. It happened because of the low understanding of IPR of the Indonesian society, is not only experienced by people who incidentally are IPR actors, such as creators, designers, inventors and so on, but also experienced by government officials both at the Central and Regional levels, which incidentally is the government apparatus. It is hoped that it can build awareness of IPR in the Indonesian people even better.

Collective Movement of IPR Awareness

Based on the reality of IPR awareness among Indonesian society, it is clear that the Indonesian society in terms of building IPR awareness are still being carried out partially, sporadically, not focused and the parties involved are still very few. Partial nature of IPR awareness. As a result, the IPR conscious movement has only become a routine and only belongs to a handful of certain community groups. In addition, the development of the IPR system both at the center and in the regions is developing slowly and tends not to be responsive to the needs of the community itself.

Realizing this issue, the momentum of the 13th World Intellectual Property Rights Day on 26 April 2013 should be used by the Indonesian society as a starting point for moving awareness of collective intellectual property rights. By building a collective IPR conscious movement, of course, IPR that has been developed and implemented in Indonesia can ultimately have an impact on efforts to realize the welfare of the Indonesian people themselves. This, of course, is also in line with the purpose of IPR as stated in Article 7 of the TRIPS Agreement that IPR is basically developed and applied to improve the welfare of the community.

Wallahu’alam bis Shawab.

Prof. Dr. Budi Agus Riswandi, S.H., M.Hum.

                                                Director of Intellectual Property Rights Center

Faculty of Law UII Yogyakarta

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THE GRADE OF PRODUCT COMPETITIVENESS THROUGH THE GEOGRAPHIC INDICATION

Do you still remember the case of the Sulotco Kalosi Toraja Coffee Brand with a picture of a Toraja house registered and owned by IFES Inc. Corporation California with Registration Number 74547000. This is very extraordinary learning. One of them, it turns out that many foreign parties are currently increasing the competitiveness of their products through mentoring on behalf of the typical and quality products of the Indonesian nation. From this case, it is very important that the names of these distinctive and quality products can be protected through the Geographical Indication (GI) system in order to increase product competitiveness.

Geographical Indications: Regional Marks for /Special Products

Perhaps all this time we have known that in Indonesia there are several products that have uniqueness and quality and this is at the same time a superior product. Some of these products such as Salak Pondoh Sleman, Kopi Kitamani Bali, Lada Putih Muntok, Tembakau Mole Sumedang and many others. These products are basically products that have the potential to be registered with their GI.

GI is a sign that is used for goods that have a certain geographical origin and also have the quality or reputation caused by the place of origin. In general, GI consists of the name of the place of origin of the goods. The purpose of GI registration is so that the product can be legally protected. Protection against GI is collective, which is protection given to a product produced by a product produced by a certain area (Sugiono Moeljopawiro and Surip Mawardi, 2010).

GI was appeared and born in several centuries ago at Europe. GI itself includes the name of the place of origin of the goods. GI is a sign used on goods that have a specific regional origin and have the quality and reputation caused by the place of origin (Dora de Teresa, 2003). In the world, there are many products with quality and reputation due to the demand for GI. It is like; champagne wine (France), Parmigiano cheese (Italy), brandy pisco (Peru)—these products have been registered as GI in Indonesia (Riyaldi, 2012).

In the manner of paying attention to the definition of GI, it is clear that GI is a sign used for products that have distinctive and quality, where the sign refers to the regional name of the product.

Implications of GI Certification on Product Competitiveness Improvement

GI was appeared in the World Trade Organization (WTO) as part of the Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs), particularly in Article 22 paragraph (1) of the TRIPs Agreement. GI is usually used to mark products that have specificity and quality caused by geographical factors, both natural and/or human factors. To obtain the GI it must be register.

GI registration itself is a legal mechanism that is carried out by means of labeling products to the Directorate General of Intellectual Property Rights of the Ministry of Law and Human Rights where to obtain the label there must be a product standard both in terms of institutional and governance as well as the quality and characteristics of the product as outlined in the GI registration. requirements book. The requirements book is a requirement for GI registration, which has a function if the GI label for a typical product is approved by the Director General of Intellectual Property Rights, then the typical product must be produced by the product community by referring to the requirements book.

In the manner of taking into the things above, GI basically can be equated with efforts to standardize the typical products of a region. This understanding can be known because to obtain the certificate of GI, a typical product community must first have product quality standards that can explain the uniqueness of the product.

Furthermore, by registering GI for distinctive and quality products, the following benefits will be obtained: First, on a macro basis it is hoped that it will improve the welfare of the community of distinctive and quality products and other communities around the community of typical and quality products; Second, legally the unique and quality products that exist in each region can be protected in legally; and Third, in terms of quality and grade, the competitiveness of distinctive and high-quality products in their respective regions will be able to be further improved.

Wallahu’ala’bis shawab

 

Prof. Dr. Budi Agus Riswandi, S.H., M.Hum.

                                                Director of Intellectual Property Rights Center

Faculty of Law UII Yogyakarta

and Chairman of the Association of Indonesian Intellectual Property Center (ASKII)

 

 

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Anti Plagiarism Social Movement

The news about the widespread practice of plagiarism of scientific work in universities with a quantity up to 100 lecturers with the purpose to carry out promotions from the lector, head lector to professor level is something that is both concerning and heart breaking in the context of the future of higher education in Indonesia. However a university which incidentally is an institution that prints the nation’s next generation and is expected to produce true intellectuals both in terms of knowledge and integrity that has been tainted by acts of plagiarism committed by lecturers as educators in universities.

Therefore, it is common when there is an act of plagiarism in such a way, it should begin to reflect on how this nation responds to the rampant acts of plagiarism.

Plagiarism and Dishonesty

Plagiarism is a term that is very well known among scientists and intellectuals. The term plagiarism actually refers to an act in the context of making scientific work that does not pay attention to the rules and ethics of writing scientific papers. For example, citing people’s opinions without mentioning the source. Meanwhile, people who commit acts of plagiarism are often called plagiarists.

There is a relationship between plagiarism and the morality of this nation. The practice of plagiarism among scientists and intellectuals is basically an act that is considered unethical/immoral. The concrete form of this immoral act is represented in terms of the dishonesty of scientists or intellectuals for the knowledge they develop.

If we pay attention to the form of dishonesty, it is a moral basis that is now very rare to find in Indonesia. It seems that in this country it is very difficult to find honest people than to find smart people. Therefore, it becomes a serious problem when this act of plagiarism continues to escalate in Indonesia. However, it becomes serious problem because it is believed that the widespread dishonesty of educators/lecturers in making scientific works will have a further impact on other dishonesty in the development of education in Indonesia. As a result, it is not surprising that the quality of the integrity of education is currently very low.

So, it is not surprising that in the practice of everyday life, almost most of the Indonesian people, along with the administration of the government, live their lives full of pretense if it is not said that they live with full of dishonesty. The closest example today, can be seen in the case of the arrest of the chairman of the Constitutional Court, where he was a doctor who was later caught red-handed by the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK). In fact, previously he seemed fierce with the symptoms of corruption in Indonesia. This is a fact that we cannot ignore.

Anti Plagiarism Social Movement

Seeing the implications of plagiarism for the future of this very dangerous nation, the government and other related institutions, such as educational institutions should seriously take strategic steps to eliminate the act of plagiarism itself. At least the act of plagiarism can be suppressed in such a way.

One thing that needs to be done in this context is to make the anti-plagiarism movement as social movement. The anti-plagiarism social movement is an extension of the legal movement and is the embodiment of strategic steps in suppressing plagiarism itself. The intended social movement is to invite all components of this nation to agree to say no to all forms of plagiarism.

It is expected that with this kind of social movement, social sanctions will be able to intensify legal sanctions. However, these two sanctions can be used as effective means going forward to preventing plagiarism which has become the source of this nation’s moral depravity. In addition, with the existence of these two kinds of sanctions, it is expected that Indonesia can truly realize the commitment of the founding fathers of this nation, specifically the intellectual life of the nation and the welfare of the Indonesian people.

Prof. Dr. Budi Agus Riswandi, S.H., M.Hum.

                                              Director of Intellectual Property Rights Center

Faculty of Law UII Yogyakarta

 

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Faculty Of Law UII Held a Pre-Departure Program for Credit Transfer and IISMA Participants

Faculty of Law Universitas Islam Indonesia has been committed to fully supporting all outbound mobility programs that are followed by its students. This is evidenced by the participation of students in the Indonesian International Student Mobility Awards (IISMA) and the Credit Transfer Program. There are two of  Faculty of Law UII students that have been selected to take part in the IISMA program at the University of Sussex, UK and the University of Warsaw, Poland. As for the transfer credit program, Faculty of Law UII has built a partnership with Youngsan University in South Korea. Both programs are planned to be implemented in September in 2021. Therefore Faculty of Law UII holds a Pre Departure Program event to equip the  participants who participate in these two programs.

The Pre Departure Program event was held for two days, namely on August 9 and 10, 2021. The event presented several speakers, both Faculty of Law UII lecturers and speakers from related institutions. On the first day of the Pre Departure Program, began with a briefing on “UII’s Commitment” which was delivered by the Dean of Faculty of Law UII, Dr. Abdul Jamil, S.H., M.H. The second session discussed “Academic Commitment During Study Abroad” which was conveyed by the Head of Undergraduate Program in Law (PSHPS), Prof. Dr. Budi Agus Riswandi, S.H., M.Hum. The third session was filled with debriefing on “Consolidating Worship and Morals during Study Abroad” which was delivered by the Secretary of Undergraduate Program in Law (PSHPS) UII, Mr. Ari Wibowo, S.H., S.HI., M.H. and the last session was filled by the Secretary of International Undergraduate Program in Law UII Mr. Dodik Setiawan Nur Heriyanto, S.H., M.H., LL.M., Ph.D. which discusses “Departure Preparation (Non-Academic) and Explanation of the Joint and Credit Transfer Program.

On the second day of the event, Faculty of Law UII invited five speakers who discussed preparations related to psychological readiness when living and studying abroad, discussions related to cultural awareness in destination countries, explanations regarding health protocols during travel and studying abroad and the last one is sharing session with Faculty of Law UII students who have participated in the Double Degree program at Youngsan University. The first session was filled by Mrs. Dr.rer.nat. Dian Sari Utami S. Psi. M.A., who provided briefing on Psychological Readiness. The second session was filled with briefing on Cultural Awareness in South Korea, England and Poland which was delivered by Mr. Riefki Fajar Ganda Wiguna, S.Pd., M.Hum. The third session was filled with briefing on “Explanation of Health Protocols during Travel and Study in South Korea, England and Poland” which was delivered by Dr. dr. H. Ferry Ardiyanto, MMR from the Indonesian Doctors Association (IDI). The last session was filled by Yuwan Zaghlul Ismail and Kurniawan Sutrisno Hadi. They are Faculty of Law UII students who are currently studying for a double degree at Youngsan University. They filled the last session by sharing their experiences while studying at Youngsan University.

The enthusiasm of the participants was visible in the program with the many questions asked. There were a total of five participants who took part in this event. Two participants are IISMA delegates and three participants are Credit Transfer Program delegates. The participants asked questions about the program and also expressed their concerns about studying abroad. One of the questions they asked was about how to deal with religious and cultural differences that could affect their daily lives when living abroad and so on. The questions and concerns raised by the participants can be answered properly by the speakers so that the participants are more enthusiastic in participating the outbound mobility program. At the end of the event, the moderator made an announcement regarding the most active participants in this event. The participants were Akhiruddin Sahputra Lubis and Aryana Sekar Widyaningsih. Both participants received prizes in the form of interesting souvenirs from Faculty of Law UII.

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Problema Krisis Hakim MA

Author: Dr. Idul Rishan, S.H., LL.M

Lecturer in Faculty of Law, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Department of Constitutional Law

 

Berakhirnya masa jabatan hakim ad hoc tindak pidana korupsi di Mahkamah Agung mendorong mahkamah untuk segera mengajukan permohonan pengisian jabatan ke Komisi Yudisial.

Tampak kondisi saat ini akan menjadi sangat sulit bagi Komisi Yudisial dan Mahkamah Agung mengingat momen permohonan pengajuan hakim ad hoc yang tidak pas dengan tahun penganggaran Komisi Yudisial.

Di satu sisi, ada kesenjangan (gap) antara kebutuhan dan realisasi pengisian jabatan hakim ad hoc di Mahkamah Agung. Di sisi lain, kekosongan kursi hakim ad hoc tindak pidana korupsi (tipikor) yang akan purnatugas pada 22 Juli mendatang jelas akan mengganggu performa Mahkamah Agung.

Sampai sejauh ini, tiga opsi telah disediakan Komisi Yudisial dan Mahkamah Agung (Kompas, 14/7/2021). Pertama, perpanjangan masa jabatan hakim yang belum berusia 70 tahun tanpa seleksi ulang. Kedua, proses seleksi dilakukan pada tahun 2022. Ketiga, tahapan seleksi sudah mulai dilakukan tahun ini, tetapi pemenuhannya pada awal 2022.

Sampai dengan tulisan ini dibuat, opsi mengerucut pada pilihan ketiga (Kompas,5/7/2021). Artinya, Mahkamah Agung akan mengoptimalkan tiga hakim ad hoc yang ada, sambil menunggu terisinya dua kursi kosong yang diharapkan terpenugi pada awal tahun mendatang.

Berkaca dari kondisi di atas, setidaknya ada dua hal yang perlu diidentifikasi sebagai problem yang menengarai terjadinya krisis hakim di tubuh Mahkamah Agung.

Masa Jabatan

Saat ini pengaturan masa jabatan hakim ad hoc menjadi salah satu hal yang perlu mendapatkan perhatian serius dari pembentuk undang-undang.

Belum jelas apa yang menjadi politik hukum pembedaan pengaturan masa jabatan hakim ad hoc di Mahkamah Agung dan hakim agung. Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Mahkamah Agung, masa jabatan hakim agung ditentukan berdasarkan usia maksimum 70 tahun. Sementara dalam Undang-Undang Pengadilan Tindak Pidana Korupsi, hakim ad hoc memiliki masa jabatan lima tahun dan dapat diangkat kembali untuk satu kali masa jabatan.

Dari aspek hukum positif, kita masih memiliki pekerjaan rumah cukup besar dalam menata jabatan hakim. Di level undang-undang, seharusnya pengaturan tentang jabatan hakim ad hoc perlu didetailkan lebih lanjut. Apakah syarat masa jabatan tertentu juga melekat pada hakim ad hoc di Mahkamah Agung?

Padahal, baik hakim agung maupun hakim ad hoc di Mahkamah Agung melewati proses dan tahapan seleksi yang sama, yaitu Komisi Yudisial, DPR, dan Presiden.

Lebih dari itu, pembedaan hakim agung dan hakim ad hoc di Mahkamah Agung juga menjadi tidak lagi begitu relevan mengingat baik hakim agung maupun hakim ad hoc di Mahkamah Agung memiliki beban kinerja dan tanggung jawab yang sama berdasarkan perintah undang-undang. Konsekuensi atas pembedaan masa jabatan itu mendorong Mahkamah Agung untuk mengajukan kebutuhan hakim ad hoc setiap lima tahun sekali. Dari sisi politik anggaran, kebutuhan di Mahkamah Agung tentu tidak selamanya dapat diikuti dengan ketersediaan anggaran di Komisi Yudisial. Kondisi inilah yang kerap menjadi titik problem yang justru mempersulit pemenuhan kebutuhan hakim di Mahkamah Agung.

Persetujuan DPR

Anasir lain yang menjadi problem pemenuhan kebutuhan hakim di Mahkamah Agung ialah keterlibatan DPR dalam memberikan persetujuan.

Pasal 24A Ayat (3) UUD menyebutkan bahwa “calon hakim agung diusulkan oleh Komisi Yudisial kepada Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat untuk mendapatkan persetujuan sebagai hakim agung oleh Presiden”.

Jika dirunut berdasarkan original intent BAB IX Undang-Undang Dasar Negara (UUDN), kehadiran DPR sebenarnya tidak diperuntukkan melakukan supervise terhadap hasil kinerja Komisi Yudisial. Lagi-lagi pemahaman checks and balances ketatanegaraan kita tidak dapat dimaknai secara tekstual.

Hal ini karena berdasarkan sejarah perumusan Pasal 24A Ayat (3) UUDN, DPR bukanlah episentrum kekuasaan dalam menentukan proses seleksi calon hakim agung.

Ada prinsip kemerdekaan kekuasaan kehakiman yang juga melekat pada pasal 24 Ayat (1) UUDN, yang seharusnya menutup ruang bagi partai politik untuk memilih dan menentukan calon hakim agung. Tujuan utamanya ialah mencegah terjadinya redundancy terhadap cara kerja yang telah dilakukan oleh Komisi Yudisial.

Intensi pelibatan DPR dalam konteks persetujuan sebenarnya tidak dalam kapasitas memilih dan menyeleksi ulang calon yang diusulkan oleh Komisi Yudisial. Sifat bersetujuan itu dalam kapasitas “right to confirm”, bukan dalam bentuk “right to select”.

DPR bisa menggunakan haknya dalam kondisi force majeure, missal proses seleksi yang menyalahi undang-undang, penetapan status tersangka, atau meninggal dunia.

Yang terjadi dalam praktik pascareformasi sebaliknya. Peran DPR kemudian bergeser sebagai lembaga penentu seleksi calon hakim agung dan cenderung mempersulit pemenuhan kebutuhan hakim di tubuh Mahkamah Agung.

RUU Jabatan Hakim

Merespons beberapa problema di atas, tidak ada salahnya untuk kembali membuka opsi penataan melalui RUU Jabatan Hakim. Baik itu menyangkut kedudukan, implikasi uang ditimbulkan dari pembedaan status jabatan hakim, hak dan kewajiban, maupun mendetailkan tata cara pengangkatan hingga pemberhentiannya.

Langkah ini merupakan bagian yang tidak terpisahkan guna mendorong pemenuhan kebutuhan hakim dan kinerja mahkamah yang independent dan akuntabel.

 

This article has been published in Kompas, Opini rubric, July 19, 2021.

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Vaksin adalah Hak Asasi Setiap Orang, Bukan Komoditas dan Privilese

Pengantar
Indonesia sedang tidak baik-baik saja saat ini. Secara hukum kita sedang dalam situasi kedaruratan bencana, setiap kurang dari 2 menit terdapat orang meninggal karena Covid-19. Banyak orang terlantar secara ekonomi dan sosial. Sektor-sektor swasta yang sejak dulu menghidupi dirinya sendiri kini sedang sekarat dan menderita.
Berpedoman pada science, maka vaksin merupakan instrumen vital dan utama dalam melindungi warga negara. Karena itu, Presiden Jokowi telah menyatakan bahwa vaksin Covid-19 gratis untuk semua sebagaimana diatur dalam Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Nomor 10 Tahun 2021. Bahkan Presiden juga mencanangkan gerakan vaksinasi 2 juta dalam sehari, sebuah angan kebijakan yang sangat baik. Hal ini tentu berdasarkan data bahwa vaksinasi Indonesia masih jauh dari taget pembentukan herd immunity.
Di tengah sengkarut tata kelola penanganan pandemi dalam menghadapi krisis saat ini, justru Menteri Kesehatan sebagai pembantu Presiden mengeluarkan Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Nomor 19 Tahun 2021 yang menjadikan vaksin sebagai barang komoditas dan privilese. Kebijakan ini bertentangan dengan semangat Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan 10 Tahun 2021 sebelumnya yang menyatakan vaksinasi tidak akan dibebankan ke pengguna melainkan dibebankan kepada perusahaan sebagaimana lazimnya jaminan kesehatan lainnya.
Keluarnya Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Nomor 18 Tahun 2021 juncto Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Nomor 19 Tahun 2021 jelas bertentangan dengan hak masyarakat atas kesehatan di era pandemi. Masyarakat sudah mengalami beban ekonomi dan sosial yang berat dan karenanya tidak tepat jika ditafsirkan oleh pemerintah untuk mengajak masyarakat meringankan beban negara dengan membebankan biaya vaksinasi ke masyarakat.

 

Dasar Hukum
Secara konstitusional, hak atas kesehatan merupakan hak asasi manusia yang menjadi kewajiban pemerintah untuk memenuhinya. Berikut ini beberapa ketentuan perundang-undangan yang menegaskan bahwa hak atas kesehatan merupakan hak asasi manusia:
1. Pasal 28H ayat (1) Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia:
Setiap orang berhak hidup sejahtera lahir dan batin, bertempat tinggal, dan mendapatkan lingkungan hidup yang baik dan sehat serta berhak memperoleh pelayanan kesehatan.
2. Pasal 25 Deklarasi Universal Hak Asasi Manusia:
Setiap orang berhak atas taraf kehidupan yang memadai untuk kesehatan dan kesejahteraan dirinya sendiri dan keluarganya, termasuk hak atas pangan, sandang, papan, dan pelayanan kesehatan, pelayanan sosial yang diperlukan, serta hak atas keamanan pada saat menganggur, sakit, cacat, ditinggalkan oleh pasangannya, lanjut usia, atau keadaan-keadaan lain yang mengakibatkan merosotnya taraf kehidupan yang terjadi diluar kekuasaannya.
3. Pasal 12 Kovenan Internasional tentang Hak Ekonomi, Sosial dan Budaya, sebagaimana telah diratifikasi oleh Pemerintah Indonesia dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2005, yang berbunyi:
(1) Negara-negara Peserta Perjanjian ini mengakui hak setiap orang untuk menikmati standar tertinggi yang dapat dicapai untuk kesehatan jasmani dan rohani.
(2) Langkah-langkah yang diambil oleh Negara-negara Peserta Perjanjian ini untuk mencapai pelaksanaan sepenuhnya atas hak ini termasuk :
c) Pencegahan, perawatan dan pengawasan terhadap penyakit epidemik, endemik, penyakit karena pekerjaan dan penyakit lainnya;
4. Undang-Undang Nomor 36 Pahun 2009 tentang Kesehatan:
Pasal 4:
Setiap orang berhak atas kesehatan.
Pasal 5:
(1) Setiap orang mempunyai hak yang sama dalam memperoleh akses atas sumber daya di bidang kesehatan.
(2) Setiap orang mempunyai hak dalam memperoleh pelayanan kesehatan yang aman, bermutu, dan terjangkau.
(3) Setiap orang berhak secara mandiri dan bertanggung jawab menentukan sendiri pelayanan kesehatan yang diperlukan bagi dirinya.
Pasal 15:
Pemerintah bertanggung jawab atas ketersediaan lingkungan, tatanan, fasilitas kesehatan baik fisik maupun sosial bagi masyarakat untuk mencapai derajat kesehatan yang setinggi-tingginya.
Pasal 16:
Pemerintah bertanggung jawab atas ketersediaan sumber daya di bidang kesehatan yang adil dan merata bagi seluruh masyarakat untuk memperoleh derajat kesehatan yang setinggi-tingginya.
5. Undang-Undang Nomor 39 Tahun 1999 tentang Hak Asasi Manusia:
Pasal 9:
Setiap orang berhak untuk hidup, mempertahankan hidup dan meningkatkan taraf kehidupannya.
Pasal 8
Perlindungan, pemajuan, penegakan, dan pemenuhan hak asasi manusia terutama menjadi tanggung jawab Pemerintah.
Seluruh ketentuan di atas menegaskan bahwa kesehatan adalah hak warga negara. Pemerintah, sebagai penyelenggara negara, berkewajiban untuk memenuhi layanan kesehatan demi tercapainya derajat tertinggi kesehatan. Secara teknis, standar hak asasi manusia telah memberikan kerangka pemenuhan hak atas kesehatan melalui Komentar Umum Komite Hak Ekonomi, Sosial dan Budaya Nomor 14 bahwa layanan kesehatan harus memenuhi 4 (empat) indikator, yaitu:
  1. Aspek ketersediaan (availability). Pada konteks ini, vaksin harus tersedia dalam kuantitas yang cukup.
  2. Aspek aksesibilitas (accesibility). Vaksin harus dapat diakses oleh siapapun. Tidak boleh ada diskriminasi atau pengistimewaan kepada siapapun. Vaksin harus dapat diakses dan terjangkau oleh siapapun. Informasi tentang pelayanan vaksin harus terbuka dan dapat diakses oleh siapapun.
  3. Aspek keberterimaan (affordability). Vaksin harus dapat diterima oleh masyarakat. Pemerintah memiliki kewajiban untuk memberi Pendidikan kepada pihak yang menolak vaksin dengan argumentasi perlindungan hak orang lain.
  4. Aspek kualitas (quality). Vaksin harus memenuhi standar berkualitas sesuai dengan ilmu pengetahuan.
Tuntutan:
  1. Presiden Republik Indonesia memerintahkan Menteri Kesehatan agar mencabut, bukan menunda pemberlakuan, Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Nomor 19 Tahun 2021 dan memutuskan kembali bahwa Vaksin Covid 19 adalah gratis untuk semua warga negara Republik Indonesia.
  2. Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat, khususnya Komisi IX, untuk mengingatkan pemerintah bahwa Vaksin Covid-19 adalah barang publik (public goods) yang harus diberikan kepada seluruh warga negara Indonesia secara gratis.
  3. Pemerintah Pusat dan Pemerintah Daerah serta Satuan Tugas Penanganan Pandemi Covid-19 untuk memaksimalkan upaya dalam rangka memberikan layanan kesehatan , termasuk vaksinasi, dengan adil dan tidak diskriminatif.
Unless everyone is safe, no one is safe!
13 Juli 2021
Aliansi Vaksin Untuk Semua:
  1. Serikat Pengajar HAM Indonesia (Sepaham Indonesia)
  2. Kaukus Indonesia untuk Kebebasan Akademik (KIKA)
  3. Pusat Studi Hak Asasi Manusia Universitas Negeri Medan (Pusham Unimed)
  4. Pusat Studi Hukum dan HAM Universitas Islam Indonesia (Pusham UII), Yogyakarta
  5. Human Rights Law Studies (CHRLS), Fakultas Hukum Unniversitas Arilangga, Surabaya
  6. The Center for Human Rights, Multiculturalism, and Migration (CHRM), Universitas Jember
  7. Pusat Pengembangan HAM dan Demokrasi, Fak. Hukum Universitas Brawijaya Malang
  8. Pusat Hak Asasi Manusia Universitas Surabaya (Pusham Ubaya)
  9. Constitutional Administrative Law Society (CALS).
  10. Pusat Studi Anti-Korupsi dan Demokrasi (PUSAD) Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya.
Contact Person:
  1. Eko Riyadi, Direktur Pusat Studi Hukum dan HAM Universitas Islam Indonesia (Pusham UII) Yogyakarta, Nomor HP: 081328243101
  2. Al Khanif, Direktur the Center for Human Rights, Multiculturalism, and Migration, Universitas Jember, Nomor HP: 081335876651
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Accompaniment IPR Central of FH UII in Certification of Geographical Indications of Manga Arumanis Pemalang

(Yogyakarta) Manga Arumanis is widely known as a quality mango because it has a sweet taste. Including Manga Arumanis in Pemalang Regency. Manga Arumanis Pemalang has certain prestige and characteristics caused by natural factors and human factors. In fact the marketing of Manga Arumanis Pemalang is not only domestic, but has penetrated foreign markets

Logo Geographical Indication of Manga Arumanis Pemalang

The awareness of Pemalang society regarding the potential of Mango Arumanis Pemalang is become the basis for providing legal protection for their unique products. This legal protection is primarily to avoid unfair business competition, but also to increase income which will have an impact on the welfare of the community. So that the group of farmers and manga collectors who are members of the Society for the Protection of Geographical Indications of Manga Arumanis Pemalang requested registration of geographical indications under the name Manga Arumanis Pemalang with the accompaniment IPR Consultant Dr. Budi Agus Riswandi, SH., M.Hum from the Central of Intellectual Property Rights, Law, Technology and Business, Faculty of Law UII. The process of accompaniment is mainly draw up the requirement book then it will become a indicator guide for the Manga Arumanis Pemalang. Manga Arumanis that do not comply with the requirements book will not receive geographic indication protection. Then the application by PHKIHTB is submitted to the Directorate General of Intellectual Property.

Geographical Indication Area of Mangs Arumanis Pemalang

The location of the distribution of Manga Arumanis in Pemalang is located in the Taman, Pemalang and Petarukan Districts, Pemalang Regency. The Manga Arumanis Pemalang is an manga arumanis with types of krone 21 and 143 which is physically characterized by a smooth, thick flesh texture and flesh color that close to the seeds is dark orange. .

In the manner of the increasing legal awareness of the community regarding geographical indications, PHKIHTB is determined to continue to provide services and assistance for the welfare of the community. (Putri Yan Dwi Akasih)

 

gangsar

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